Going negative
Stephen Ansolabehere
Reading Time
at 250 WPM4h 16m
The average reader, reading at a speed of 250 WPM, would take 4h 16m to read Going negative.
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9
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256
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Going negative
by Stephen Ansolabehere, Shanto Iyengar
Published
2010
Publisher
Simon & Schuster, Limited
Pages
256
ISBN-13
9781439118757
Description
Drawing on both laboratory experiments and the real world of America's presidential, gubernatorial, and congressional races, the authors show that negative advertising drives down voter turnout - in some cases dramatically - and that political consultants intentionally use ads for this very purpose. In the 1992 presidential election, by the authors' calculation, over 6 million votes were lost to negative campaigns. Negative ads work better for Republicans than for Democrats, and better for men than for women; unfortunately, negative ads also work better in general than positive ones, so attacking has become nearly universal. Republican primary campaigns increasingly set the tone for our national general elections, and they do so with relentless attacks. Everyone, even a war hero like Colin Powell, is fair game, and few reputations can emerge unscathed. . The result of such a bitter contest is that independent voters, who are disproportionately well educated and open minded, are repulsed by the entire system and have been converted to non-voting apathetics. We are losing some of our best citizens, and pandering to the extremists who remain.
Subjects
No Way to Pick a President
The Marketing of the President
Air wars
Parties and elections in America
Presidential elections and American politics
Political campaign craftsmanship
Frequently Asked Questions
How many pages are in Going negative?
This edition of Going negative has approximately 256 pages. Please note, this is an estimate and the exact page count can vary between hardcover, paperback, and e-book versions.
How long does it take to read Going negative?
For most readers, Going negative typically takes between 5h 20m and 3h 33m to complete. This is based on the book's length of approximately 64,000 words and common reading speeds.
Here's a detailed breakdown: • Continuous reading at 250 WPM: approximately 4h 16m of focused reading • Casual reading (30 minutes/day): you could finish in roughly 9 days • Estimated word count: 64,000 words
Your individual reading time will vary based on your personal reading pace, the amount of daily reading time, and your familiarity with the subject matter.
What is the word count of Going negative?
The estimated word count for Going negative is approximately 64,000 words. This figure is calculated using industry-standard methods that consider genre-specific word density patterns, typical formatting and layout characteristics, and standard words-per-page ratios for published books.
This is an approximation — actual word count may vary based on font size, formatting, edition, and the presence of illustrations or charts.
Who is the author of Going negative?
Going negative was written by Stephen Ansolabehere, Shanto Iyengar.
When was Going negative published?
The publication date for this specific edition is 2010. The original work may have been published on a different date.